However, the word tavern is no longer in popular use in the UK as there is no distinction between a tavern and an inn. Taverns were popular places used for business as well as for eating and drinking – the London Tavern was a notable meeting place in the 18th and 19th centuries, for example. Zola's correspondence with physicians reveals that he used authentic medical sources for his realistic depictions in the novel.Ī scene in an unspecified tavern at Portsmouth after one or more ships have been paid off The characters Gervaise Macquart and her husband Coupeau exemplified with great realism the physical and moral degradation of alcoholics. The drunk destroyed not only his own body, but also his employment, his family, and other interpersonal relationships. Émile Zola's novel L'Assommoir ("The tavern") (1877) depicted the social conditions typical of alcoholism in Paris among the working classes. However, the first Parisian restaurant worthy of the name was the one founded by Beauvilliers in 1782 in the Rue de Richelieu, called the Grande Taverne de Londres. In 1765, in Paris was founded the first restaurant in the modern sense of the term. Taverns symbolized opposition to the regime and to religion. Situated at the heart of the country town or village, the tavern was one of the traditional centers of social and political life before 1789, a meeting place for both the local population and travelers passing through and a refuge for rogues and scoundrels. When apprehended, some defrauders reacted with passive resignation, while others resorted to violence. Wine merchants stealthily circumvented inspection stations to avoid local import duties. The retailers also refilled their casks secretly from hidden stocks. Wine growers and tavern keepers concealed wine and falsified their methods of selling it to take advantage of lower tax rates. The resultant opposition took many forms. This chaotic system was enforced by an army of tax collectors. Īfter 1500, taxes on wine and other alcoholic beverages grew increasingly more burdensome, not only because of the continual increase in the level of taxation but also because of the bewildering variety and multiplicity of the taxes. Their stated purpose, however, was to serve wine (not beer or cider, which had other outlets) and they were so disreputable that women of any standing avoided them. Some offered a wider variety of foods, though it would be cabarets and later traiteurs which offered the finest meals before the restaurant appeared in the 18th century. Typically, a tavern offered various roast meats, as well as simple foods like bread, cheese, herring and bacon. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses.įrom at least the 14th century, taverns, along with inns and later cabarets, were the main places to dine out. Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. The word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub. An inn is a tavern that has a license to put up guests as lodgers. Parker Tavern, Reading, Massachusetts showing traditional New England saltbox architectureĪ tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging.
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